电动叉车人机配合作业安全规范说明

2026-09-02


电动叉车人机配合作业安全规范说明(图1)


在厂区仓储、场内物流的日常作业场景中,电动叉车的应用十分广泛,人机配合作业是非常常见的操作模式,明确统一的安全操作规范,是规避各类作业隐患、保障人员人身安全的核心基础。

作业前的人机适配准备阶段,所有参与配合作业的人员都要完成基础核验。叉车操作员需经过系统的安全培训、考核合格后方可上岗,作业期间全程佩戴安全帽、防滑劳保鞋等防护用品;负责协同配合的辅助作业人员需穿戴高可见度反光警示服,和操作员提前确认统一的手势指令、对讲机通讯频道,避免出现信号错位、指令误判的问题。双方要共同完成电动叉车的常规状态检查,确认车辆刹车、警示蜂鸣器、前后灯光、转向系统都处于正常可用状态,同时清理作业通道内的零散杂物,根据作业范围划定临时警戒区域,提前告知无关人员不要进入作业范围内。

作业过程中的人机协同操作,必须严格遵守对应的安全准则。叉车启动起步前,操作员要鸣笛示警,确认车辆周边三米范围内没有人员停留、障碍物阻挡后再低速起步。辅助配合作业人员要站在预先划定的安全站位区域内,严禁站在货叉正前方,也绝对不能站在处于抬升状态的货叉或货物下方。货叉抬升、堆放货物的过程中,操作员要全程目视辅助人员的指挥指令,不得私自快速起升货物,也不能出现急停、急转向等危险操作。叉车在厂区主通道行驶时,速度不得超过规定的安全时速,行至交叉口、转角等视线盲区时,要提前鸣笛、减速观察,辅助人员要随时留意周边的行人和其他往来车辆动向,第一时间向操作员反馈潜在风险。全体作业人员都不能在操作过程中分心刷手机、闲聊,也不允许违规用叉车搭载无关人员随行。

特殊作业场景下的人机配合,要增设额外的防护流程。在窄通道内作业、高位存取堆叠货物时,引导的辅助人员要站在叉车侧方的视野开阔位置,不能和叉车处于同一通行路径上。遇到地面湿滑、能见度不足的特殊天气或环境,要在作业区域周边额外增设醒目的安全警示标识,双方反复确认周边环境安全后再启动作业,严禁在视线被完全遮挡的情况下贸然操作。

当日作业全部结束后,操作员要将货叉完全落地,拉好手刹,关闭车辆总电源,将车辆停放到指定的驻车区域。辅助人员要和操作员共同巡查作业区域,确认没有遗留的散落货物、堵塞通道的杂物,双方可以简单复盘当日作业过程中发现的隐患点,及时向管理部门上报问题,定期参与协同安全演练,逐步提升突发状况的联合处置能力。长期严格执行这套安全规范,能够有效降低电动叉车人机配合作业的各类风险,保障场内物流作业平稳有序推进。

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